Last updated: 2020-06-03
Background
Language family: Trans-New Guinea / Main Section / Eastern / Binanderean / Guhu-Samane
- Guhu-Samane is spoken in the Oro and Morobe provinces of Papua New Guinea.
Phonology
Consonants
- /ŋ/ is only found initially and medially (Richert and Hoopusu 2002, 13).
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Place of Articulation
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Manner of Articulation
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Labial
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Dental
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Alveolar
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Retroflex
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Velar
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Glottal
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Stops
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p b
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t̪
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t
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k ɡ
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ʔ
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Affricates
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dz
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kx
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Fricatives
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s
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h
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Nasals
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m
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n
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ŋ
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Flaps
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ɽ
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Note: For phonemes that share a cell, those on the left are voiceless and those on the right are voiced.
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Vowels
- Vowel length is phonemic. Long vowels are represented by duplicate graphemes (Richert and Hoopusu 2002, 11).
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Front
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Central
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Back
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High
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i
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u
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Mid
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e
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o
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Low
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a
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Diphthongs
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/ae/, /ai/, /ao/, /au/, /ei/, /eo/, /eu/, /iu/, /oe/, /oi/, /ou/, /ui/
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Alphabet
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Grapheme
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Phoneme
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a
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/a/
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b
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/b/
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e
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/e/
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g
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/ɡ/
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h
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/h/
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i
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/i/
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k
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/k/
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m
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/m/
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n
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/n/
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o
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/o/
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p
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/p/
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q
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/ʔ/
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r
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/ɽ/
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s
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/s/
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t
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/t/
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u
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/u/
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Digraph
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dz
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/dz/
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kh
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/kx/
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ng
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/ŋ/
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tt
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/t̪/
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Lenition Rules
- /b/ is realized as /β/ intervocalically (Richert and Hoopusu 2002, 12).
- /t/ varies with /s/ frequently in the Garaina dialect (ibid.).
Misc. Rules
- /ɽ/ is realized as [ɗ] following /i/ (Richert and Hoopusu 2002, 13).
- /ɽ/ is realized as [ɭ] following /u/ (ibid.).
References
Richert, Ernest L., and Ttopoqogo Hoopusu. 2002. Noo Supu: A Triglot Dictionary (Guhu-Samane Language). Summer Institute of Linguistics.