Last Updated: 2020-06-23
Background
Language Family: Austronesian / Malayo-Polynesian / Central-Eastern / Eastern Malayo-Polynesian / Oceanic / Western / Papuan Tip / Peripheral / Central Papuan / Sinagoro-Keapara
- Sinaugoro is spoken in the Central province of Papua New Guinea.
Phonology
Consonants
|
|
Place of Articulation
|
|
Manner of Articulation
|
Labial
|
Alveolar
|
Velar
|
|
Stops
|
b
|
t d
|
k kʷ ɡ ɡʷ
|
|
Fricatives
|
f v
|
s
|
ɣ ɣʷ
|
|
Nasals
|
m
|
n
|
|
|
Trills
|
|
r
|
|
|
Approximants
|
|
l
|
|
|
Note: For phonemes that share a cell, those on the left are voiceless, whereas those on the right are voiced. Phonemes with the diacritic (ʷ) are labialized.
|
Vowels
- The diphthongs listed below are interpreted as complex phonemes (Tauberschmidt 1999, 4).
|
|
Front
|
Central
|
Back
|
|
High
|
i
|
|
u
|
|
Mid
|
e
|
|
o
|
|
Low
|
|
a
|
|
|
Diphthongs
|
|
/ae/, /ai/, /ao/, /au/, /ei/, /ou/, /oi/
|
Alphabet
|
Grapheme
|
Phoneme
|
|
a
|
/a/
|
|
b
|
/b/
|
|
d
|
/d/
|
|
e
|
/e/
|
|
f
|
/f/
|
|
g
|
/ɡ/
|
|
ḡ
|
/ɣ/
|
|
i
|
/i/
|
|
k
|
/k/
|
|
l
|
/l/
|
|
m
|
/m/
|
|
n
|
/n/
|
|
o
|
/o/
|
|
r
|
/r/
|
|
s
|
/s/
|
|
t
|
/t/
|
|
u
|
/u/
|
|
v
|
/v/
|
|
Digraph
|
|
|
gw
|
/ɡʷ/
|
|
kw
|
/kʷ/
|
|
ḡw
|
/ɣʷ/
|
Syllable Structure
- Syllables in Sinaugoro require empty codas and prohibit consonant clusters, leaving CV and V as the inherent structures (Tauberschmidt 1999, 4).
Misc. Rules
- /i/ is realized as [j] in syllable onsets (Tauberschmidt 1999, 4).
- /ɣ/ palatalizes preceding front vowels (Tauberschmidt 1999, 7).
References
Tauberschmidt, Gerhard. 1999. A Grammar of Sinaugoro: An Austronesian Language of the Central Province of Papua New Guinea. Pacific Linguistics Ser. C 143. Canberra: Research School of Pacific; Asian Studies, The Australian National University.